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Intrafamilial:

Nurses can support families in recognizing their strengths and building upon them; in times of stress each family copes in their unique way. During assessment, individual coping mechanisms should be identified:

• Spirituality e.g. prayer, formalized religion (Hawkins, 1996; Magliano et al.,1998a);
• Individual counseling (Bourgeois et al., 1996);
• Cultural strengths (Fast & Keating, 2000); and
• Implementing self-care strategies e.g. personal journal, accepting help, acknowledging need for rest and revitalization (McDonald et al., 1996).

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